Merit vs quota represents a larger philosophical and practical dilemma facing educational systems around the globe. Many educational systems are built around the meritocracy principle, which rewards people for their accomplishments or merit. On the other hand, quota systems—which are frequently put into place through affirmative action—seek to make up for past discrimination and give marginalized groups more opportunities. This debate is never more prominent than in India, where reservation policies give underprivileged communities access to some educational opportunities. This paper investigates the nuances and ramifications of the merit versus quota controversy, looking at its historical background, guiding ideals, objections, and possible solutions.