The Indus Valley Civilization which is also known as the Harappan civilization is one of the world’s earliest civilizations. It is the earliest urban culture of the Indian subcontinent. The dates of the civilization are about 2500-1700 BCE, though the southern sites may have lasted later into the second millennium BCE. Among the world’s three earliest civilizations Indus civilization was the most extensive and the other two were Mesopotamia and Egypt. Its modern name derives from its location in the valley of the Indus River. The City of Harappa was the first one founded in the modern era. None of the names derive from any ancient texts because, although scholars believe that people of this civilization developed a writing system known as Harappan Script it has not yet been deciphered. The Indus Valley Civilization extended from modern-day northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India.