In pre-colonial times women were given higher positions in society and had a voice in important decisions. Being a homemaker gave them significant power. They were known as queen mothers and were involved in food production which gave them influence on men and dominance on children. Women in pre-colonial Africa often prayed to the gods for power and influence. They had several powers and rights to educate and even choose their life partner.
Writing in India has a long history, going back thousands of years. There are many different ways people write things, like using different scripts and languages. The earliest known system of writing is found on the seals and sealings used by the people of the Indus Valley Civilization or Harappan Civilization dating to about circa 2600 – 1900 B.C. However, this script is not yet deciphered and hence the contents of these inscriptions are unknown. We also see how writing started in India and how it changed over time.
The chivalry in the Middle Ages or medieval age was considered a “code of ethics” expected from the knights in Europe. It included rules that stated how nobility should behave. It was a code that was used to distinguish between the higher classes from those below them in terms of morality. It helped the knights to earn a proper reputation and respect in the society. The chivalric qualities that were required in the knights were courage, honour, loyalty, justice, military prowess, and generosity. In later years chivalry became more “romantic” and was idealized by people and also the poets and authors. Chivalry became a subject of literature. Chivalry was promoted by knights taking an oath to protect the church and defenseless people.
Yamuna is the most significant river in India which flows in Delhi. The Yamuna River originates from Yamunotri glacier, and it is the largest tributary of the Ganga River. The stretch of this river has its origin in Okhla, Delhi which is also called upper Yamuna, and covers parts of Delhi, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. Delhi’s relationship with this river has its history since its origin, it has also changed dramatically over time. There was a time when the river flowed in between the historical buildings, Red Fort on one side and Salimgarh Fort on the other and at present the scenery have changed. Not only the scenery but also the water of the river. The river was used for farming purposes and many more basic chores of household but now Yamuna has turned into one of the most polluted rivers in the country.
Tattooing is an art form and form of body modification where a pigment is inserted into a skin to change its colour permanently. It is a very old tradition and today is more popular and socially acceptable than ever. The word ‘tattoo’ comes from the Samoan word ‘tatau’, which mimics the tapping sound of the tools used during tattooing.
Deep within the jungles of Central America lies the remnants of one of the most enigmatic civilization-the Maya. Maya cities were the centers of population of the pre-Columbian Maya Civilization of Mesoamerica. They served roles of administration, commerce, manufacturing, and religion which characterized ancient cities worldwide. Some Researchers spotted an ancient Maya city using LiDAR, in the jungles of the Balamaku ecological reserve on the Yucatan Peninsula. On further ground investigation, they found an array of complex structures which were unknown to researchers earlier. The array of buildings discovered leads to the idea that this city might have played a major role in the region.
Vietnam, a popular tourist destination because of its beaches, culture, food, and friendly people, is located on the Indochina peninsula in Southeast Asia, neighboring China, Laos, and Cambodia. The story of Vietnam is one of resilience and cultural richness. Its prehistory is marked by the presence of ancient civilizations along the banks of its fertile river.
Tea is a beverage that has been celebrated globally for centuries. The history of tea traces its origin in China in about 2737 BCE. It is believed that Emperor Shen Nong discovered tea when tea leaves accidentally fell into his boiling water. Tea initially was famous for its medicinal properties but later it gained its social and cultural significance as well. The Silk Road facilitated its spread to neighbouring regions, where diverse traditions and rituals emerged. In the 9th century, tea reached Japan, evolving into the intricate Japanese tea ceremony. During the British colonial era, tea became integral to English culture, leading to the establishment of vast plantations in India and Sri Lanka. In the contemporary world, tea has several flavours and aromas from delicate green to robust black blend.
The Neolithic era is a pivotal chapter in the saga of human civilization which reveals tales of innovation, adaptation, and transformation. As a new dawn appeared on the horizon, humanity stood at the threshold of unprecedented change, offering farewell to the nomadic wanderings of the Paleolithic age and welcoming the age of settled agricultural communities. Let us initiate a journey through time and explore the captivating life of humans during the Neolithic revolution.
Ancient Mesopotamia, known as the birthplace of civilization, housed ancient empires that played a significant role in shaping the course of human history. The Sumerians, renowned for their groundbreaking ideas, the Akkadians, who conquered vast territories, and the Babylonians, known for their majestic achievements, all left an indelible imprint on the world. The legal code established by Hammurabi, the military might of the Assyrians, and the legendary Hanging Gardens of Babylon are testaments to their cultural prowess. Despite their eventual decline, the enduring legacy of Mesopotamia continues to influence subsequent societies. Exploring these forgotten empires reveals a rich tapestry woven with innovation, effective governance, and cultural abundance, serving as a reminder of the profound impact ancient Mesopotamia had on the development of human civilization.
